VeloCité – Development of an Energy Storage System for an E-bike

AbstractWithin the framework of the development of an energy storage system for a lightweight electric bicycle the electric behavior of LiFePO4 cells was investigated. We propose a systematic and efficient procedure for identification and parameterization of a cell model based on measurements in the time domain. An equivalent circuit model approach was adopted using parameters dependent on temperature and state of charge. The model was parameterized for a wide range of operational conditions concerning temperature, state of charge and cell current. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model is shown by the comparison of simulation results with real measurements of the given cell using a highly dynamic driving cycle

An ``Improved" Lattice Study of Semi-leptonic Decays of D-Mesons

We present results of a lattice computation of the matrix elements of the vector and axial-vector currents which are relevant for the semi-leptonic decays $D \rightarrow K$ and $D \rightarrow K^*$. The computations are performed in the quenched approximation to lattice QCD on a $24^3 \times 48$ lattice at $\beta=6.2$, using an $O(a)$-improved fermionic action. In the limit of zero lepton masses the semi-leptonic decays $D \rightarrow K$ and $D \rightarrow K^*$ are described by four form factors: $f^{+}_K,V,A_1$ and $A_2$, which are functions of $q^2$, where $q^{\mu}$ is the four-momentum transferred in the process. Our results for these form factors at $q^2=0$ are: f^+_K(0)=0.67 \er{7}{8} , V(0)=1.01 \err{30}{13} , A_1(0)=0.70 \err{7}{10} , A_2(0)=0.66 \err{10}{15} , which are consistent with the most recent experimental world average values. We have also determined the $q^2$ dependence of the form factors, which we find to be reasonably well described by a simple pole-dominance model. Results for other form factors, including those relevant to the decays \dpi and \drho, are also given.Comment: 41 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript file containing 14 figures, LaTeX, Edinburgh Preprint 94/546 and Southampton Preprint SHEP 93/94-3

Downramp-assisted underdense photocathode electron bunch generation in plasma wakefield accelerators

It is shown that the requirements for high quality electron bunch generation and trapping from an underdense photocathode in plasma wakefield accelerators can be substantially relaxed through localizing it on a plasma density downramp. This depresses the phase velocity of the accelerating electric field until the generated electrons are in phase, allowing for trapping in shallow trapping potentials. As a consequence the underdense photocathode technique is applicable by a much larger number of accelerator facilities. Furthermore, dark current generation is effectively suppressed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Stereotactic or conformal radiotherapy for adrenal metastases: patient characteristics and outcomes in a multicenter analysis

To report outcome (freedom from local progression: FFLP, overall survival: OS, and toxicity) after stereotactic, palliative, or highly conformal fractionated (> 12) radiotherapy (SBRT, Pall-RT, 3DCRT/IMRT) for adrenal metastases in a retrospective multicenter cohort within the framework of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO). Adrenal metastases treated with SBRT (≤ 12 fractions, biologically effective dose, (BED10) ≥ 50 Gy), 3DCRT/IMRT (> 12 fractions, BED10 ≥ 50 Gy) or Pall-RT (BED10 < 50 Gy) were eligible for this analysis. In addition to unadjusted FFLP (Kaplan-Meier/Log-rank), we calculated the competing-risk-adjusted local recurrence rate (CRA-LRR). 326 patients with 366 metastases were included by 21 centers (median follow-up: 11.7 months). Treatment was SBRT, 3DCRT/IMRT, and Pall-RT in 260, 27, and 79 cases, respectively. Most frequent primary tumors were non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 52.5%), SCLC (16.3%), and melanoma (6.7%). Unadjusted FFLP was higher after SBRT v. Pall-RT (p = 0.026) while numerical differences in CRA-LRR between groups did not reach statistical significance (1-year CRA-LRR: 13.8%, 17.4%, and 27.7%). OS was longer after SBRT v. other groups (p < 0.05) and increased in patients with locally-controlled metastases in a landmark analysis (p < 0.0001). Toxicity was mostly mild; notably, 4 cases of adrenal insufficiency occurred, 2 of which were likely caused by immunotherapy or tumor progression. RT for adrenal metastases was associated with a mild toxicity profile in all groups and a favorable 1-year CRA-LRR after SBRT or 3DCRT/IMRT. 1-year FFLP was associated with longer OS. Dose-response analyses for the dataset are underway

AEROFLEX AEROdynamic and FLEXible Trucks, Rethinking Long Distance Road Transport

THE VISION OF THE AEROFLEX PROJECT IS TO SUPPORT VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS TO ACHIEVE THE COMING CHALLENGES FOR ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT. A new vision of future logistics for physical goods is required to achieve a sustainable logistics and transport system, a paradigm shift described as 'The Physical Internet'; rethinking future freight transport by the optimisation of multi-modal transport chains by drawing on the advantages of the different modes. Thus, it is essential to develop flexible and adaptable vehicles and loading units with optimised aerodynamics, powertrain for low emission and highly efficiency. The optimal matching of novel vehicle concepts and infrastructures is crucial, requiring intelligent access policies for trucks, load carriers and road infrastructures. This paper summarises its overall preliminary results. It covers boundaries and constraints from a market perspective, hybrid distributed powertrain and aerodynamic features for the complete vehicle, smart loading units, front-end design and finally consequences regarding the regulatory framework

Systems Biology in ELIXIR: modelling in the spotlight

In this white paper, we describe the founding of a new ELIXIR Community - the Systems Biology Community - and its proposed future contributions to both ELIXIR and the broader community of systems biologists in Europe and worldwide. The Community believes that the infrastructure aspects of systems biology - databases, (modelling) tools and standards development, as well as training and access to cloud infrastructure - are not only appropriate components of the ELIXIR infrastructure, but will prove key components of ELIXIR\u27s future support of advanced biological applications and personalised medicine. By way of a series of meetings, the Community identified seven key areas for its future activities, reflecting both future needs and previous and current activities within ELIXIR Platforms and Communities. These are: overcoming barriers to the wider uptake of systems biology; linking new and existing data to systems biology models; interoperability of systems biology resources; further development and embedding of systems medicine; provisioning of modelling as a service; building and coordinating capacity building and training resources; and supporting industrial embedding of systems biology. A set of objectives for the Community has been identified under four main headline areas: Standardisation and Interoperability, Technology, Capacity Building and Training, and Industrial Embedding. These are grouped into short-term (3-year), mid-term (6-year) and long-term (10-year) objectives

SBML Level 3: an extensible format for the exchange and reuse of biological models

Systems biology has experienced dramatic growth in the number, size, and complexity of computational models. To reproduce simulation results and reuse models, researchers must exchange unambiguous model descriptions. We review the latest edition of the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML), a format designed for this purpose. A community of modelers and software authors developed SBML Level 3 over the past decade. Its modular form consists of a core suited to representing reaction-based models and packages that extend the core with features suited to other model types including constraint-based models, reaction-diffusion models, logical network models, and rule-based models. The format leverages two decades of SBML and a rich software ecosystem that transformed how systems biologists build and interact with models. More recently, the rise of multiscale models of whole cells and organs, and new data sources such as single-cell measurements and live imaging, has precipitated new ways of integrating data with models. We provide our perspectives on the challenges presented by these developments and how SBML Level 3 provides the foundation needed to support this evolution

Modellierung und Ladezustandsdiagnose von Lithium-Ionen-Zellen

In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung von Lithium-Ionen-Zellen vorgestellt, bei dem neben einem Modell zur Beschreibung des Nominalverhaltens der Zelle ein Unbestimmtheitsmodell parametriert wird, welches die unvermeidbare Abweichung zwischen dem Nominalmodell und dem tatsächlichen Zellverhalten quantifiziert. Für diese Modellbeschreibung wird ein neuer Algorithmus zur Ladezustandsdiagnose entwickelt, der anstelle eines einzelnen (fehlerbehafteten) Wertes für den Ladezustand ein Vertrauensintervall angibt sowie Artefakte im zeitlichen Verlauf des geschätzten Ladezustandes vermeidet. Die Eigenschaften der Ladezustandsschätzung werden an einer Lithium-Ionen-Zelle und einem Einsatzszenario aus dem automobilen Bereich demonstriert.In this paper, a new approach to modeling lithium ion cells is presented. In addition to a model that describes the nominal behavior of the cell, an uncertainty model is parameterized which quantifies the unavoidable difference between the nominal model and the true system behavior. For this model description a new algorithm for state of charge estimation is developed, which provides a confidence interval instead of a single unreliable value for the state of charge and avoids artifacts in the progression of the estimated state of charge over time. The properties of the state of charge estimation are demonstrated on a lithium-ion cell in an automotive application scenario

Modellierung und Ladezustandsdiagnose von Lithium-Ionen-Zellen

In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Modellierung von Lithium-Ionen-Zellen vorgestellt, bei dem neben einem Modell zur Beschreibung des Nominalverhaltens der Zelle ein Unbestimmtheitsmodell parametriert wird, welches die unvermeidbare Abweichung zwischen dem Nominalmodell und dem tatsächlichen Zellverhalten quantifiziert. Für diese Modellbeschreibung wird ein neuer Algorithmus zur Ladezustandsdiagnose entwickelt, der anstelle eines einzelnen (fehlerbehafteten) Wertes für den Ladezustand ein Vertrauensintervall angibt sowie Artefakte im zeitlichen Verlauf des geschätzten Ladezustandes vermeidet. Die Eigenschaften der Ladezustandsschätzung werden an einer Lithium-Ionen-Zelle und einem Einsatzszenario aus dem automobilen Bereich demonstriert.In this paper, a new approach to modeling lithium ion cells is presented. In addition to a model that describes the nominal behavior of the cell, an uncertainty model is parameterized which quantifies the unavoidable difference between the nominal model and the true system behavior. For this model description a new algorithm for state of charge estimation is developed, which provides a confidence interval instead of a single unreliable value for the state of charge and avoids artifacts in the progression of the estimated state of charge over time. The properties of the state of charge estimation are demonstrated on a lithium-ion cell in an automotive application scenario